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How to use a fishbone diagram – with free template!
Download our free template and start your fishbone analysis!
What’s a fishbone diagram?
A fishbone diagram, or Ishikawa diagram, charts the possible causes of problems, using a diagram in the shape of a fishbone. Kaoru Ishikawa originally developed the method in 1982.
The fishbone diagram essentially leans on four Ms: Man, Machine, Material, and Method. Every ‘bone’ has its part within the diagram:
Man. All people involved with the problem
Machine. All machines and tools used in the workspace
Method. All prescribed and usual work instructions
Material. All required raw and ancillary materials
The Measurements and Milieu Ms can be added too:
Measurements. Process data used for quality control
Milieu. Process conditions, like organizational culture, location, time, and temperature
How do you use the fishbone diagram?
1. Download the template to get the basic fishbone. When you and your group fill in the diagram for the first time, enlarge the diagram and use a whiteboard. Then, write the problem on the right side of the template. Make sure you have an accurate description of the problem!
2. Brainstorm possible causes. The goal of brainstorming is to get lots of ideas, it’s not about the quality of those ideas. Don’t judge, just write down.
3. Assess the causes together, so the most usable and realistic ideas remain.
4. Categorize the causes towards the Ms and fill in the fishbone diagram.
From fishbone diagram to fishbone analysis
After filling in the fishbone diagram, it’s time to take the next step: the fishbone analysis. The goal of a fishbone analysis is to:
1. Clarify what causes can lead to a specific problem
2. Show how different causes are related
During the last step you’ll search for underlying connections between different causes. It‘s possible you’ll find surprising causes that change the way you look at a potential solution. Does it seem hard to find the underlying cause? Then ask the “Why” question five times to get to the core.
Using the outcome of the fishbone analysis
Once you have an idea of the cause you can focus on the end goal: improving the process.
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